It suffices to show that every subrepresentation has a complement. Let V be a representation of G and WβV a subrepresentation.
Step 1: Choose an arbitrary complement
As vector spaces, we can write V=WβW0β²β for some subspace W0β²β (not necessarily invariant under G). Let Ο0β:VβW be the projection along W0β²β:
Ο0β(w+wβ²)=wΒ forΒ wβW,wβ²βW0β²β
Note that Ο02β=Ο0β and im(Ο0β)=W, ker(Ο0β)=W0β²β.
Step 2: Average over the group
Define a new map by averaging:
Ο=β£Gβ£1ββgβGβΟ(g)βΟ0ββΟ(gβ1)
The division by β£Gβ£ is possible since β£Gβ£ is invertible in F (this is where we use char(F)β€β£Gβ£).
Step 3: Verify Ο is a projection
We need to show Ο2=Ο. Note that:
Ο2=β£Gβ£21ββg,hβGβΟ(g)βΟ0ββΟ(gβ1)βΟ(h)βΟ0ββΟ(hβ1)
Substituting k=gβ1h:
=β£Gβ£21ββg,kβGβΟ(g)βΟ0ββΟ(k)βΟ0ββΟ(kβ1)βΟ(gβ1)
Step 4: Simplify using W is invariant
Since W is a subrepresentation, Ο(k)(W)βW for all k. For wβW:
Ο0β(Ο(k)(w))=Ο(k)(w)
because Ο(k)(w)βW and Ο0β projects onto W.
Therefore, Ο0ββΟ(k)βΟ0β=Ο0ββΟ(k) when restricted appropriately. This gives:
Ο2=β£Gβ£1ββgβGβΟ(g)βΟ0ββΟ(gβ1)=Ο
Step 5: Verify Ο is G-equivariant
For any hβG:
Ο(h)βΟ=β£Gβ£1ββgβGβΟ(h)βΟ(g)βΟ0ββΟ(gβ1)
=β£Gβ£1ββgβGβΟ(hg)βΟ0ββΟ((hg)β1)βΟ(h)
Since summing over all gβG is the same as summing over all hgβG:
=β£Gβ£1ββgβGβΟ(g)βΟ0ββΟ(gβ1)βΟ(h)=ΟβΟ(h)
Step 6: Construct the complement
Let Wβ²=ker(Ο). Since Ο is G-equivariant, Wβ² is a subrepresentation. We have:
V=im(Ο)βker(Ο)=WβWβ²
This shows W has a complementary subrepresentation.
Conclusion: By induction on dimension, every representation decomposes completely into irreducibles.