Ext and Tor - Key Properties
Balance and long exact sequences are fundamental properties that make Ext and Tor computationally tractable.
Ext can be computed using either a projective resolution of the first variable or an injective resolution of the second:
where is projective and is injective.
Tor is symmetric in its arguments:
This follows from the symmetry of tensor product and the fact that we can resolve either variable.
Given a short exact sequence , there is a long exact sequence:
Given a short exact sequence , there is a long exact sequence:
Given a short exact sequence where are flat or the sequence is split, there is a long exact sequence:
For and , use the resolution:
Tensoring with gives:
Since , multiplication by 2 is invertible on , so:
The Yoneda product gives Ext a ring structure:
This makes into a graded ring.