Step 1: Baire Category Argument
Let BXâ(r)={xâX:âĨxâĨ<r} denote the open ball of radius r in X. Since T is surjective, we have
Y=T(X)=T(ân=1ââBXâ(n))=ân=1ââT(BXâ(n))
Since Y is a complete metric space, the Baire Category Theorem implies that at least one T(BXâ(n0â)) has non-empty interior. Therefore T(BXâ(1)) also has non-empty interior (by linearity).
Let U be an open set in Y contained in T(BXâ(1)). Then 0âUâUâT(BXâ(1))âT(BXâ(1))=T(BXâ(2)).
Thus there exists Îī>0 such that BYâ(Îī)âT(BXâ(2))â.
Step 2: Key Estimate
We claim: BYâ(Îī)âT(BXâ(4)).
Let yâBYâ(Îī). Since yâT(BXâ(2))â, there exists x1ââBXâ(2) such that âĨyâTx1ââĨ<Îī/2.
Now yâTx1ââBYâ(Îī/2)âT(BXâ(1))â, so there exists x2ââBXâ(1) with âĨ(yâTx1â)âTx2ââĨ<Îī/4.
Continuing inductively, we find xnââBXâ(21ân) such that
âĨyâT(âk=1nâxkâ)âĨ<Îī2ân
The series âk=1ââxkâ converges in X (by completeness) since
âk=1âââĨxkââĨ<2+1+1/2+âŊ=4
Let x=âk=1ââxkâ. Then âĨxâĨ<4 and by continuity of T:
Tx=T(limnââââk=1nâxkâ)=limnâââT(âk=1nâxkâ)=y
Therefore yâT(BXâ(4)).
Step 3: Conclusion
For any open set UâX, we show T(U) is open. Let y0â=T(x0â)âT(U) where x0ââU. Choose r>0 such that BXâ(x0â,r)âU.
From Step 2, BYâ(Îīr/4)âT(BXâ(r))=T(BXâ(x0â,r)âx0â). Therefore:
y0â+BYâ(Îīr/4)=T(x0â)+T(BXâ(r))âT(U)
Thus BYâ(y0â,Îīr/4)âT(U), showing that T(U) is open.